TY  - BOOK
AU  - Erästö,Tytti
ED  - SIPRI
TI  - European non-proliferation diplomacy in the shadow of secondary sanctions
T2  - SIPRI policy brief
PY  - 2020///
CY  - Solna
PB  - OUP
KW  - sanctions
KW  - EU
KW  - nonproliferation
KW  - Europe
KW  - trade
KW  - nuclear arms control
KW  - Iran
KW  - USA
KW  - JCPOA
KW  - INSTEX
N1  - "August 2020"; This policy brief describes European responses to secondary sanctions that the United States imposed on Iran after withdrawing from the 2015 nuclear agreement, or the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). In particular, it looks at the Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX), which was established by France, Germany and the United Kingdom in 2019 to facilitate European–Iranian trade, initially focusing on the humanitarian sector. While falling short of the kind of comprehensive economic normalization that was expected under the JCPOA, INSTEX could help maintain the ailing nuclear agreement in addition to addressing some of the negative humanitarian consequences of sanctions in Iran. INSTEX can also be seen as a test case for a more independent European foreign policy that could better withstand future disagreements with major powers
UR  - https://www.sipri.org/publications/2020/sipri-policy-briefs/european-non-proliferation-diplomacy-shadow-secondary-sanctions
ER  -